The Link Between Cyber-Bullying and Suicide free essay sample

At the point when individuals hear the word â€Å"bully† they regularly think about the intense person in school who appears to push and push his looks into storage spaces and remove their lunch cash. The possibility of this kind of menace has become mainstream and numerous individuals today would think of it as a methods for toughening up and is likewise generally known as an unavoidable piece of growing up or a stage in a child’s life. As of late there has been an ascent in another type of tormenting; digital harassing. With the quick acting ascent of innovation and the growing force and ubiquity of the web there’s another domineering jerk around and it exists in your child’s PC. This sort of torment is extraordinary, making youngsters end their lives. Furthermore to the young people who effectively end their life, a considerable lot of them despite everything endeavor and keep on unequivocally consider self destruction. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Link Between Cyber-Bullying and Suicide or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Young people have simple access to many interpersonal interaction locales like Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr, which permit others to conceal their actual character. Huge numbers of these sites have the choice to make yourself unknown where you can send any client a remark without them realizing who send it. It is likewise simple for a person to make a phony profile and assault others that way. People don’t consistently stay quiet about their characters, ordinarily gatherings of understudies focus on another understudy and send them cruel remarks like â€Å"go murder yourself already† and â€Å"the world would be in an ideal situation without you†. Amanda Todd, a Vancouver-region adolescent who presented a story on YouTube a month ago about being digital harassed, was discovered dead Wednesday night in Coquitlam, Canada. Specialists accept she ended it all (Grenoble, Ryan). This multi year old young lady ended it all on October, 11, 2012 due to digital tormenting. Past to her demise, Todd posted a video on YouTube disclosing to her story with a progression of blaze cards. The torment started, as per Todds YouTube video, after she flashed a man onlinewhen she was in seventh grade. After one year, she stated, he followed her down onFacebook and sent her topless photograph to everybody. She was tormented at each schoolshe went to, beat up by furious young ladies and endeavored to slaughter herself by drinking bleach(Grenoble, Ryan). Much after Todd endeavored to end it all by drinking blanch tormented despite everything focused on her by composing things like â€Å"you should’ve drank more bleach† on her Facebook divider. People despite everything keep on focusing on her by posted pessimistic remarks on her R. I. P fan page. Another young lady who keeps on getting negative remarks significantly after her demise is Phoebe Prince who ended it all in 2010 at age 15. â€Å"Girls at Phoebes school supposedly considered her a wh**e and a bi**h, violently pestering her face to face and on Facebook. In any event one understudy boasted after Phoebe ended her own life, I dont care that shes dead. † (Holladay, Jennifer)† Cyberbullying has spread so rapidly with the wide spread of web. As indicated by the 2009 AP-MTV Digital Abuse Study done by Janice Gatti, half of individuals age 14-24 have encountered carefully harsh conduct. Shockingly enough we may be a digital domineering jerk without knowing. Numerous people post some antagonistic remarks on YouTube or Tumblr without knowing or contemplating how the other individual may feel however certain people do this routinely and these are the digital harassers. Another self destruction connected to digital tormenting is the passing of multi year old Jessica Laney. Laney being tormented on a site called inquire. fm where clients interface by posing each other inquiries is the thing that made her end it all. Posts on Laney’s page run from the honest †â€Å"What class do you like the most? † to the amazingly pitiless †â€Å"Why would you say you are so revolting? furthermore, â€Å"Just slaughter yourself. You’re worthless† (Murray, Rheana). Dear companions to Laney talked about their companions demise. â€Å"You get praises some of the time, yet it’s those negative remarks that bring youdown,† dear companion Ch eyenne Ellsmore told nearby station. â€Å"There are simply things youshouldsay and things you shouldn’t,† said another companion, Lisa Arthur. â€Å"And on Ask. fm,none of that ought to be said† (Murray Rheana). Laney’s guardians talked quickly about their daughter’s demise too and referenced that their girl likewise had a past filled with psychological wellness issues yet the digital harassing is the thing that drove her to the brink. It is difficult to overlook a digital domineering jerk when all they need to do it assault you as a person. We go on our long range informal communication locales to appreciate and communicate not to have ourselves assaulted by mysterious individuals or our colleagues. As per the Cyber Bullying Research Center, Even however under 10% of center school understudies detailed being digital harassed in the earlier days, around 43% announced encountering one of the few encounters that could be characterized as digital tormenting. Among the most generally encounters included: getting and email that make them upset (18. %, excluding spam), getting a text that made them upset (15. 8%), and having something posted on their MySpace that made them upset (14. 1%). Everybody at one point gets in any event one negative remark pointed towards us however these people who end it all over these digital harassers are very focused on and are hit with something that may handily influence them or have been focused for a long measure of time. Casualties of digital tormenting who end it all have negative remarks focused on them day by day. From their looks to how they are to what they do, remarks including any of these are not effectively managed. A person whose homosexuality was focused by a digital harasser was Tyler Clementi, a multi year old who ended it all in 2010. His school flat mate gushed a video live from their room while Clementi was with another kid. Only a day later, at 8:42 p. m. , Clementi posted this curt announcement on Facebook: Jumping off the gw connect. Sorry† (Nadine, Shabeeb). Gay people are a major objective for digital domineering jerks. A 2005 Harris survey discovered 90 percent of gay and lesbian adolescents state theyve been harassed inthe past year. Furthermore, about 66% of these understudies feel dangerous in school, as per a2009 review by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network. In September alone,three different youngsters ended their own lives after homophobic insulting (Nadine, Shabeeb). A second objective to digital domineering jerks in light of his homosexuality was Seth Wash, who ended it all at age 13 of every 2012. On Oct. 1, 600 individuals packed the First Baptist Church in Tehachapi to recollect SethWalsh, a 13-year-old who loved Pokemon, move music and perusing the Bibleand whohad (to some degree hesitantly) recognized to seeing relatives and friendsthat he loved different young men. Seth had been prodded determinedly; it began when he was infourth grade, as per his grandma Judy Walsh. By 6th grade, kids werestarting to get mean, she says. By seventh grade, he was reluctant to walk home fromschool† (Cloud, John) According to Gay Bullying Statistics, gay and lesbian adolescents are a few times as bound to end it all than different young people. Around 30 percent of every single finished self destruction have been identified with sexual character emergency. Understudies who additionally fall into the ay, cross-sexual, lesbian or transgendered character bunches report being multiple times bound to miss school since they feel dangerous in the wake of being digital tormented because of their sexual direction. Around 28 percent out of those gatherings feel compelled to drop out of school by and large. Albeit an ever increasing number of schools are attempting to split down issues with harassing, teenagers are as yet proceeding to menace each other because of sexu al direction and different components. Today just a couple of expressed have laws against digital tormenting yet there is more that should be finished. It’s not alright for individuals to assault others internet compelling them to end it all. Our laws are not staying up with innovation, Klein said in a meeting with CNN. Never again is tormenting just bound to the schoolyard. It is presently funneled in a moment through casualties PCs and onto the gadgets they convey in their pockets. This enactment will help give insurances to the individuals who need it, just as send a solid message about the reality of this damaging behavior† (Cyberbullying Crackdown). Guardians and adolescents can help forestall digital bulling. Guardians can converse with their kids prompting them the negative and beneficial outcomes of expounding on somebody on the web. On the off chance that you see your companion posting a remark on someone’s person to person communication site, stop them, regardless of whether it would seem that it can do no mischief, it might cost a real existence. In the event that you see an instance of digital tormenting tell another person, when you see something it probably won't appear to be so harming yet it’s after somebody removes their life when the lament begins to hit them and them it’s past the point of no return. On the off chance that you are encountering digital harassing remain off your PC for some time, don’t go on your long range informal communication destinations in light of the fact that the more you read them the more it will influence you. Don’t partake in digital harassing, you may think your simply posting a couple of blameless remarks yet you are going to influence somebody. There is unquestionably an association between digital harassing and self destruction. Different elements like mental issue can likewise expand the danger of self destruction yet in digital tormenting, one little drive is sufficient to take somebody to the brink. For instance, a young lady with significant sadness who may as of now have self-destructive contemplations and is beginning to become digital harassed, being digital tormented would be that push to end it all. People some of the time arenâ

Bharti Enterprises Essay

Guaranteeing that the look and feel of the store is according to rules/guidelines Ensuring/announcing Inventory and Stock accessibility according to the standards to forestall stock-outs Provide recommendations/criticism to improve store efficiency People Development/Team Management: Acting as a tutor and mentor for store staff To guarantee day by day roistering and instructions to inbound and outbound store staff Customer Experience: Manage staff portion dependent on request at point in time Personally step in to deal with requesting clients Provide proposals for upgrades in CE 4. A. On Diversity and Cultural spread in Africa, As Africa comprises of 53 nations, to work effectively it is imperative to comprehend the elements of every nation, remembering contrasts for culture, language and particularly guidelines. Bharti would do well to set up as not many exiles as could reasonably be expected and have the greater part of its top administration from Africa. b. On Infrastructure sharing and cost/capital issues, The greatest driver of system sharing will be the move in approach of the greatest administrators, who had been reluctant to share system to continue upper hand. There is obvious system partaking in the business sectors of Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa, and this is probably going to get in different markets. c. On Bharti Airtel’s Minute Factor Model, Network sharing and IT redistributing would assist administrators with cutting down expenses. While expenses could incline down, anyway they will be higher than in India in view of a portion of the auxiliary expenses brought about by power lack and poor framework. 5. Bharti Airtel has a past filled with making first moves and developing as the victor therefore. This is the thing that constructed the company’s accomplishment in India, where it remains the top MNO and second-biggest fixed-line administrator. Actually, because of the enormous market it serves at home, at the time it gained the Zain portfolio in March 2010 Airtel was figured to be the fifth biggest versatile administrator on the planet on a relative supporter premise, putting it behind any semblance of China Mobile, Vodafone Group, American Movil and Telefonica, yet in front of China Unicom. As has been broadly secured for longer than a year at this point, Airtel has been taking a gander at Africa as another development showcase. While it has an arrangement with Vodafone for the Channel Islands, Africa is the main other region outside the Indian subcontinent (counting Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) that the organization has entered. The shared traits are convincing: comparative markets, needs and foundation. The real factors on the ground are to some degree all the more testing: coordinations, authoritative consistence and genuine nearby rivalry being preeminent. The coordinations of framework in Africa are an equivalent test for all MNOs. That is guaranteed. Where Airtel may have been excessively idealistic is in trusting its Africa model would run correspondingly to its accomplishment in India, in view of a first-to-showcase approach and having some influence to defeat administrative impediments. Sadly, while Airtel has a 30-year history of being first in Quite a while (with pushbutton telephones, cordless telephones and afterward portable), they were not first in Africa. There were significant EU, Middle East and South African players there in front of them. Actually, Airtel’s African development is generally because of its takeover of Kuwait’s Zain versatile tasks in 15 nations. This was a foothold, not a success. Zain just held predominant piece of the overall industry in a couple of nations. Going toward advertise pioneers, for example, MTN of South Africa, Airtel applied a system of broad cost cutting. This followed on what it accomplished in India, giving a break with Ericsson for per-minute expenses (instead of forthright installment) that empowered ease call rates from the start. Airtel has an all-Africa, five-year manage Ericsson for organize the board that offers comparative points of interest. Somewhere else, Airtel is locked in with Nokia Siemens Networks and Huawei, not keeping all its investments tied up on one place, obviously. As a Plan B, conceivably following on the uncertain result of Airtel’s minimal effort attack, the organization has recently been arranging a takeover of or (perhaps) a joint endeavor with MTN itself. How this putative arrangement is depicted relies upon which organization is talking. This has been continuing for approximately four years without an authoritative completion. Regardless of whether it never occurs, it is a sign of exactly what Airtel would consider to get its Africa activities genuinely settled.

In which Elizabeth tries something new.

In which Elizabeth tries something new. The other day I learned something new. After being here for almost three years, I learned that MIT has a climbing wall. Now, in any other circumstance, this would have been a mere blip on my daily radar of Shiny-Things-That-Distract-Me. But on this day, Chris  not only had to give me hard time for not knowing this thing existed (I live under a rock, apparently so much so that I dont know about the giant rocks on campus), but he even had to go as far to suggest that I might try going there sometime (the horror!), leading to a momentary, but non-negligable, conversation on how I should try rock climbing. Now, before you think, Elizabeth, that seems like a perfectly reasonable direction for that conversation to take, I just want say: Homies. Have. You. Seen. My. Arms. This was my response to the conversation: (Minus the fact that I DO NOT HAVE STEVE AUSTINS ARMS/UPPER BODY STRENGTH!) I also dont have the greatest track record with climbing things. Over the summer, I climbed a tree in a banana suit (long story) and got stuck. (I call this one, You thought I was kidding but I actually totally wasnt.) Thus, I immediately dismissed the entire notion of rock climbing. So while the blip was more like a bloop, it was still a bloop nonetheless, and I went about the rest of my week unaffected by this new nugget of knowledge. Turns out the rest of the week was kind of hard for me and for a lot of other people, as I discovered during dinner on Friday night when Luke attempted to eat one of the centerpieces. Yup. It was just one of those weeks. And  I was just glad the week was over. I was ready to unwind and veg for a couple hours. I was going to watch a rerun of Modern Family. And then Luke, unaware of my brief encounter with the wall earlier that week, HAD to bring up that by some FREAK COINCIDENCE he was going to climbing at the wall that night, and the rest of the table who apparently all frequent the wall because I have been completely unaware of the fact that they are avid climbers were going too. Why was this wall haunting me?? Here is the readers digest version of what followed: 1. Luke tries to convince me to go climbing. See conversation with Chris. 2. Chris D., a staff member of the wall and fellow Simmons resident, says hes bringing strobe lights for a disco-themed climb night at the wall. My position still stands. 3. Other people decide to go as well. GrumblegrumblepeerpressureImstillnotgoing. 4. Luke: If you go, you could blog about it OKAY IM IN SUCKERS! Thus, Luke, Sasha, and I made our trek to Walker Memorial. It used to be a gym but now its a multipurpose building and houses the offices of many of the student groups. I dont have fond memories associated with the building, but then again, Ive only been there to take exams. We made our way up to the third floor and found the room that houses the climbing wall. Chris D. was pretty excited for the evening when we got there. This is actually him in the middle of saying, Im so excited! When we arrived, I met an alum who told me that the climbing wall was built by students around 2006. People in the MIT community use it for bouldering, which doesnt involve climbing super high. Upon discovering this, my blood pressure significantly lowered. With a $1 fee, I picked up some climbing shoes and I was ready to go! Well, almost I think this is Luke in the middle of saying, Stop asking me if youre going to fall and break your neck, youre going to be fine, Elizabeth. And actually, things went pretty well! I made it up my first route and was feeling on top of the world (or this room, rather). And then Chris D. turned off the lights and turned on the strobe lights. I must say, if you ever try bouldering, doing it with blacklights and dubstep your first time is an experience. My phone went a little nuts trying to capture photos. Its super fun, but a little difficult when all the tapes that mark the routes are changing colors Nathan, another Simmons resident, it a pretty super climber. Look at that lil monkey go! (Just kidding. Nathan, I dont know you that well, so if you read this I hope you dont take offense at me calling you a monkey.) People stopped by throughout the night and were super friendly and helpful to n00bs like me who had never touched a climbing wall before. Thank you to Nathan, Chris D., and Luke for humoring me while I obnoxiously shouted, Wait, where does my foot go next? Wait how am I supposed to put my arm over there? Wait, how does this work?!?! while hanging paralyzed on the wall. Ootz ootz ootz ootz O hai So, moral of the story is Mom, I tried something new! Something that I didnt want to do at first but then ended up having a lot of fun doing! Also, MIT has a bouldering wall! And now I know what Im going this Friday night! But for now Im going to stop typing because my arms are still sooo sore oof.

Public Health And Social Health - 869 Words

In the 20th century, public health was greatly defined, shaped, and heralded by its’ breakthroughs’ against infectious diseases of the time and other communicable diseases. Stern and global policies supporting mass vaccinations and mass hygienic regulations, both created an environment in which Public Health as a discipline was able to advance and counter the plagues and pandemics of its’ day. Contrastingly, in the 21st century, we are globally being faced with a different kind of animal, chronic diseases. These diseases by and large affect an insurmountable portion of our general population, domestic and abroad and grossly tax and financially weigh and tax our health resources. Closely related to these chronic diseases is food deserts. We will briefly discuss what this public health phenomenon is, it’s 21st century public health effect, and the steps we as public health professionals can take to appropriately address this issue with the same determin ed vigilance as previously demonstrated with combating the ills of the previous century. Outside of the contained walls of the public health discipline, one would be hard pressed to regularly hear the words â€Å"food desert†. As arid as we know the desert to be it may not be as apparent what a food desert is. As the name implies, food deserts are â€Å"geographic areas (or neighborhoods) with little to no access to healthy foods† (Rummo et al., 2015). Based on research, historically, these areas are often within an urban and/orShow MoreRelatedPublic Health And Social Health1983 Words   |  8 PagesPublic health was defined in 1988 by Sir Donald Acheson who described it as the science of promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society (Acheson 1988). It is through research and surveillance that an understanding of healthcare needs on a society level are obtained, leading to planning interventions to improve health o utcomes (Department of Health, (DH) 2012). However, the Marmot report ‘Fair society healthy lives’ (2010) identified vast inequalitiesRead MorePublic Health And Social Health1027 Words   |  5 PagesPublic health may implore images of community medical clinics or awareness movements advocating healthy living, but the field is nowhere close to being restricted. Instead, public health professionals are engaged in everything from recognizing diseases to designing public policy to assisting refugees unite in new communities. Public health is a considerable part of our everyday lives because it focuses on promoting, protecting, and reestablishing population health. Public health previously shiftedRead MoreSocial Marketing For Public Health754 Words   |  4 PagesInterestingly, a key focus in Cheng, Kotler and Lee’s ‘Social Marketing for Public Health’ book remains not only relevant but significant in current social marketing interventions. The authors’ discussion of public health issues found that for such social issues to experience a behavioural change, â€Å"no single agency is able to make a dent by itself,† (Cheng, Kotler, and Lee, 2011) hence it was recognised that a global trend in using ‘partnerships’ at; â€Å"local, national or international levels† is aRead MoreSocial Theory And Public Health1159 Words   |  5 Pages Why is social theory important in public health? To comprehend why social theory is significant in public health we need to first understand what they both mean and how they correlate with each other. According to the encyclopedia social theory refers to the use of abstract and often complex theoretical frameworks to describe, explain, and analyze the social world but in simpler words it sums up what social science can say to its spectators about the social world. It is like lookingRead MoreThe Social And Public Health Problems Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesbiggest social and public health problems. 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Intrapersonal level can include biol ogical and psychological factors such as genetics, cognition, and personality; interpersonalRead MoreSocial And Social Factors Of The Five Levels In Public Health1005 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An ecological model looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors† (211). The major component of the ecological model is that it promotes how the individuals’ behaviors and choices are influenced by the five levels in Public Health. Each level is a target that helps with the spread of health promotion. The first level is intra personal factors, which is the smallest level of the five

Censorship Simply Not Enough Essay - 2118 Words

Not too long ago, an evening television program caught mine and my daughter’s attention. It was a cute family comedy verging close to her bedtime. I was relaxed as we spent some quality time together, and out of nowhere I felt as if I had been punched in the face when a curse word came out of the so-called 15 year old actor’s mouth. Playing it cool, I glanced down at my young daughter who did not even flinch. I thought to myself, when were those words allowed to be uttered on television? Even worse, was my daughter’s reaction, or in this case non-reaction, because of desensitization or did she simply not hear it? Since then I have found myself immersed in the censorship dispute. Globally, media censors have loosened their grip†¦show more content†¦The data on media violence and the desensitization it causes to violent behavior is readily available and quite convincing. As we all grow and mature, we become well aware of violence and crime in socie ty. It is not a situation whereas without TV portraying it, we would not know that it existed. There is absolutely no need to have it in our face every time we switch on the television or open a magazine. Sexual activity among teens is on the rise as well. This statistic has been reported numerous times for the past 25 years. Many theorists believe the root of this stems from exposure to sex on television. Dr. Rebecca Collins and her associates conducted a survey of teens age 12-17. The researchers gathered a list of the 23 most popular television programs and rated them based on the program’s sexual content. Teens were then surveyed twice, one year apart, on their viewing habits of these specific 23 programs, their attitudes toward sex, as well as their own actual sexual activity. The results were astonishing. In her discussion, Dr. Collin revealed, â€Å"Predicted probabilities showed that watching the highest levels of sexual content effectively doubled the next- year likelihood of initiating intercourse and greatly increased the probability of advancing 1 level in noncoital activity. In other words, 12-year-olds who watched the highest levels ofShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 PagesI. A. Censorship. This single word describes the world’s history of literary sabotage, the idea of rejecting a concept or other medium of propaganda simply because it exhibits a disagreeable or supposedly immorally tepid aspect, then forcibly substituting a more ‘ethical’ ideal. Since King Hammurabi stamped out the first cuneiform laws in Babylon, human society has experienced relentless episodes of chronic censorship. It wasn’t until the Roman Empire however, that the word censor was coined, meaningRead More Censorship Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship The Columbia Encyclopedia defines censorship as the official prohibition or restriction of any type of expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral order. It is necessarily broad definition. Any type of expression in fact, covers just about everything from clothing to print to movements and even to simply being. George Bernard Shaw described assassination as an extreme form of censorship. It is now omnipresent in society and has been as long as society has existedRead MoreIts Time to STOP Banning Books Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pageswant to ban books although there are many others (Kennedy Kids’ Book Censorship). Racial issues are commonly a concern when it comes to banning books because people often mistake the content for encouragement rather than discussion (Kelly). Religious fundamentalists frequently find topics such as homosexuality and magic inappropriate because it seems to support damaging lifestyles and witchcraft when the writer could simply b e using these topics to help a child expand their imagination to differentRead More Government, Media, Censorship and Terrorism – Perhaps We Can’t Handle the Truth644 Words   |  3 PagesGovernment, Media, Censorship and Terrorism – Perhaps We Can’t Handle the Truth Government and media influencing each other is a tender ethical situation. Initially, it seems simply appalling that any government would either censor or use its media as a tool, but considering the possible benefits of such acts makes the issue more complex. What if censorship saves lives? What if manipulating the media brings a resolution to a conflict? Wartime especially brings these questions to the forefrontRead MoreThe Problem of Censorship in the US949 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States protects the people of the country from censorship. This document says that people have to be free to say whatever it is that they feel the need to say, even if that statement is controversial. Actually, it is promised that people can say things especially when they are controversial. People who want to censor others do so because they do not agree with what it is that is being said. Only be protecting the First Amendment completelyRead MoreCensorship of the Arts in Singapore1474 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the right balance to strike between freedom of and restrictions upon artistic expression? The commonly accepted definition of censorship- that certain texts, images, or films should be banned. 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Censorship has always beenRead More Television and Media - Censorship of TV Violence Not Necessary877 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship of TV Violence Not Necessary    Censorship of televised media often begins as a result of the concern many adults show over what their children watch. Children begin watching television at an early age, and they are usually lifetime viewers by the time they are two to three years old. There is usually a steady increase in the amount of television watched during a persons childhood. This is followed by a decline during adolescence. What is more of a concern to the American peopleRead MoreIs Censorship By Government Justified?1497 Words   |  6 Pages1104 28 April 2015 Is censorship by government justified? Censorship has been broadly connected with the media from last couple of decades. These subject is all that much dubious and present in every single key zone of public expression, which commonly go under the civil argument from every community throughout the world. There are numerous articles composed on the subject of censorship and we will talk about the contentions in distinctive articles and its dependability. Censorship, the concealment ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship On The Internet1558 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment and Politics October 30 2017 Censorship The internet is a vast database that allows for the entire world to be connected. However most people while surfing the internet have come across a censored page, or a website saying that this site has been â€Å"legally† blocked by the government. Censorship is defined as the suppression or prohibition of free speech by preventing a person from saying what they want to say. Typically in modern society, censorship takes place on the internet when certain

Educational Development Theories Free Essays

Understanding human development is considered the key towards maximizing the potentials of every student in the classroom. Developments in various fields, such anthropology, psychology, and biology have contributed largely to reinventing education in the last century. Research is given a central role in shaping â€Å"children’s education and experiences in schools† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Development Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4). The advances in related fields and the increasing support from research have prompted educators to be reflective and evaluative about pedagogy and curriculum in an effort to ensure that the best learning environment is provided. In short, teachers now have comprehensive tools to guarantee that no child is left behind. Any child that sets foot into the classroom carries with him/her a myriad of experiences and background; thus, making it essential to perceive the child in relation to the systems and dynamics that surround him/her. â€Å"All areas of development depend on the context of children’s lives—children’s experiences in families, schools, neighborhoods, community organizations, cultural and ethnic groups, and society at large† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). Learning does not happen in isolation and it is how these various contexts that play out during developmental years that significantly affect his/her experiences in school. To illustrate the impact of context to development a case study is presented in this paper of an eight year old child, Tonya, attending first grade. After a discussion of the student’s classroom behavior, the developmental milestones for her age will be presented. These stages of development will be contextualized with the socio-cultural background of the student. Having created a picture of the circumstances of the student, I will then propose an analysis of the situation of the student drawing from educational development theories. Ethical considerations for the case study will then be discussed, followed by recommendations to improve the schooling and learning outcomes of the student. Tonya literally stood out in her class, not only because she was big for her age, but also because she was older than the rest of the class having been retained in kindergarten. At eight years old, she was attending a first grade class. Tonya was observed to display disruptive behaviors such as bossing and bullying other children, stealing items from others, or talking them into trading their things (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010). The teacher received complaints from both students and parents that she was also stealing food from her classmate’s lunchboxes. Tonya’s behavior can be described as atypical for other children of her age, and required serious attention. The period from six to ten years old is often referred to as middle childhood. There is continued differentiation of fine motor skills, although the growth in height and weight slows down and only picks up later on during the adolescent stage. Development of fine motor skills is reflected in illustrations that are â€Å"organized and detailed and include some depth cues† (Berk, 2009, p. 7). Moreover, such developments allowed for wider range of activities in play, sports and household chores. Often, parents start to build responsibility among their children by assigning them chores at home such as cooking, cleaning, and looking after their siblings. Middle childhood is also a period of active neural developments that manifest in increasing integration of cognitive processes. They are learning to read and write, as well as perform basic mathematical computations (i. e. addition and subtraction). In addition, they are beginning to express themselves creatively. There is also a marked improvement in verbal expressions, and are becoming more aware of the concept of rules with peers and parents. Thus, they are learning to grasp the concepts of cause and effect better. The socio-emotional development of children from six to ten years old is marked by development of emotional states in relation to the people around them. This accompanied by an increasing social network of peers and friends. At this stage, children become more aware of pride and guilt, and are more likely to conform to good behavior. Pro-social behaviors are observed when dealing with peers, especially as they learn to build friendships based on trust and assistance. It can be deduced that at this stage, children start to develop their moral compass and respond to others with sensitivity and better judgment. In the case of Tonya discussed above, it is apparent that the socio-emotional milestone expected for her age group was not been met. Instead of displaying pro-social behavior, she is disruptive in class, and clearly is not developing friendships that are based on mutual trust and assistance. She is actually behaving exactly the opposite. In addition, having been retained in Kindergarten may be a good indicator of some cognitive delays as well. However, physically, she has developed as expected, and has the capacities and skills to perform manual tasks for her age. In fact, the report from the teacher emphasized the point that Tonya had to take care of her three-year old brother before going to school. Knowing Tonya’s family background was the key to helping her curb the problematic behavior in school. Her physical development coupled with the responsibilities she had at home required healthy food and supplement, which was not available for her because her mother had lupus, and her step-father was permanently disabled. Children’s experiences within their families are especially important to their health† (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 149). Tonya was not provided with essential dietary supplement which triggered her decision to steal food from her classmates. Moreover, although she was entitled to free lunches, she was not aware of this, and there was no adult who facilitated the process of availing this service. Tonya’s behavior severely disrupted the possibility of developing friendships. Her reputation made it difficult to gain the trust and respect of her peers. However, the teacher’s intervention helped Tonya discern what was right and wrong. Tonya responded to the intervention positively, and changed tremendously. Because of the situation at home, Tonya lacked a role model and the constant guidance of the parents to help her maximize her potentials, both cognitively and socio-emotionally. The change in Tonya’s behavior and understanding of the consequences of her actions are good indicators of sound judgment and comprehension skills. It is highly plausible that retention in Kindergarten may have been caused by socio-emotional problems, rather than cognitive difficulties. Drawing ideas from prominent educational theorists, Piaget, Vgotsky and Erickson, can be helpful to facilitate learning for Tonya, and hopefully accelerate her so she achieves the proper grade level for her age. Jean Piaget coined the term â€Å"concrete operational stage† for children ages seven to eleven years old. At this stage, children have developed the concept of â€Å"conservation. † â€Å"The child can think logically about very concrete objects, categories and principles† (Coon Mitterer, 2010, p. 99). Thus, it is essential for the teacher to pay special attention to Tonya’s development of mathematical skills, and its relation to other subjects, such as science. Once she gains mastery, she will gain confidence as well in performing tasks, and this is essential for her to work towards reaching her expected levels. Providing Tonya with hands-on experiences will further facilitate her learning. Judging from the circumstances that surround Tonya, it is highly challenging for her to successfully develop according to the developmental milestones. As explained by Vygotsky’s (1978) zone of proximal development (ZPD), â€Å"human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them† (as cited in Slee, 2002, p. 209). One of the contemporary proponents of ZPD, Wood (1988) further outlines the instructional options for mothers of children between four and five years old: â€Å"(i) general verbal encouragement; (ii) specific verbal instruction; (iii) assistance in choosing materials for a task; (iv) preparing materials for assembly in a task; (v) demonstration† (Ibid). With Tonya’s family background, maternal interaction has been limited, and from her early years, she has missed out on the developmental opportunities. Vygotsky’s (1978) ZPD highlights the role of the adult in facilitating the learning of children. Compared to Piaget however, he approaches the development in a more qualitative, rather than quantitative perspective and is more liberal on the expected abilities of the children. It highlights the role of the adult, and in the case study, Tonya’s teacher to provide the guidance that she is not able to acquire in the home. Furthermore, it will require effort in integrating Tonya in the class considering her past behavior towards her classmates. Vygotsky’s (1978) theory emphasizes the role of adults and peers in the learning of the individual. I consider it meaningful to highlight Erickson’s psychosocial theory because Tonya’s case is hinged on her socio-emotional experiences which have serious implications on her psychological state. At her age, the basic conflict as identified by Erickson is â€Å"industry versus inferiority† (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2010, October). School becomes more formalized, and children have to adjust to the new environment while meeting the demands in academics. Competence is achieved through successful attempts, while failure breeds feelings of inferiority. An eight year old joining a first grade class sets the stage for inferiority, and the teacher must be proactive in creating measures to make Tonya feel competent. Encouraging words and positive reinforcement can help her gain confidence and advance academically. At this point, it is highly important to focus on building her confidence first, so she is able to take risks and work further towards building her competencies. The role of the teacher in assisting students like Tonya always stands out. The teacher becomes the architect who shapes the conditions that will benefit the students more. Going back to the teacher’s narration in this case study, it may be observed that the intervention highly suggested by the principal violates the ethical standards set by the National Education Association. The principal’s suggestion of punishment which consisted of a month without recess not only puts the child in danger, but also becomes an additional cause for further disruptive behavior. The teacher though, may have violated the code as well by disclosing the decision of the principal in published material which has the possibility of causing harm to the principal’s profession. However, the teacher made a wise decision about visiting the family, and examining the conditions before taking any action. Doing so allowed her to find better solutions without compromising the health of the student. It is hoped that the teacher did not give her real name so as not to compromise the school and the principal. Although the problem was resolved, there were still administrative matters that she hopefully handled properly, and exercising due confidentiality. Reference http://www.nea.org/home/30442.htm How to cite Educational Development Theories, Essay examples

Constructive Feedback Worksheet free essay sample

For each situation below, craft a complete, appropriate feedback message utilizing the guidelines listed at the beginning of this worksheet. Each typed response should be 25-50 words in length; please use complete sentences. 9) Your employee leaves a warehouse door unlocked over night. The warehouse contains thousands of dollars worth of equipment. This is the first time it has happened. When you leave the warehouse door unlocked, thousands of dollars worth of equipment are at a greater risk of theft. Beginning today, Id like for you to double check to ensure youve locked the door before you leave.What kind of reminder can we put together to ensure you remember to check? By taking this extra precaution of double-checking, you help ensure the safety of our companys equipment. 10) One member of your Learning Team is consistently late with his portion of the assignments. You are now working on your final assignment, worth 20 points, and this member has again not submitted his section on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Constructive Feedback Worksheet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is now one day past deadline established by the team for submitting deliverables. When you are late with your portion of the assignments, the team becomes irritated because it slows down our work on the assignments.From here on out, we would like for your portions to be submitted by the predetermined deadline. Is there any kind of system that we can help you set up which will ensure that these deadlines are possible for you? By submitting your portions on time, our team will have the time required to fine tune our assignments before the final due dates and times. 1 1) One of your employees finally completes a complex procedure correctly, after get frustrated with the time we lose. We need to figure our how it is that we can make this happen correctly the first time around for that next time. Do you have any suggestions as to how we can make this happen?Solving this issue would save us time that we can invest in other projects. Exercise #6 In 350 words, describe a time in which you received feedback that you felt was counterproductive. Evaluate the feedback based on the four guidelines listed on this worksheet and suggest how the feedback could have been delivered more effectively. Please type your responses and use complete sentences. I can remember receiving feedback which I felt was counterproductive recently at work. I have reports which must be worked daily. Many times working a report consists of calling and/or mailing each client with updates regarding their finances.These reports are worked in order to ultimately financially clearing clients for their upcoming appointments. When co-workers are out for sick or vacation time, Seniors are required to pick up the slack for those counselors and work their reports. Recently our organization has had several people out for illnesses and vacation overloading the seniors with additional reports to work. A Senior Manager received notification that a few of the reports were not received on time during this last week and the email message that went out to he seniors read, mires slacking again. You all should be submitting reports on time. Based on the four guidelines of constructive feedback, our senior manager missed a few crucial steps which is why Vive identified this feedback as counterproductive as it proved to not be effective in many ways. In the first statement, the senior manager made an assumption and a Judgment on the Seniors by accusing the Seniors of slacking for submitting reports late. Guideline 2 was skipped over entirely as no reaction was documented. The manager simply requested a change.However, then the senior manager neglected to mention the potential results which would occur if those changes were made. A better response to the late submission of the reports could have been: When the reports are not submitted to the academic managers in a timely manner, I am embarrassed because this makes our department appears to operate inefficiently. Id like to get something organized today to ensure that this doesnt happen again. What kind of system can we work out to ensure this doesnt happen in the future? Solving these delays will prove to be less frustrating for everyone involved.

The festival that Ashland built Essay Example For Students

The festival that Ashland built Essay Business is booming at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. Is everybody happy? Sort of. Ashland, Oregon sits at the foot of the Siskyou Mountains like a favorite pair of boots at the foot of a bed, 20 miles outside of Medford, a cow patties toss from Interstate 5. The nearest major metropolitan area is Portland, more than 300 miles away, and the nearest professional baseball team resides 400 miles to the south in San Francisco. Certainly there are more convenient places to produce Shakespeare, but none more popular. We will write a custom essay on The festival that Ashland built specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Back in 1970, 172,334 people made the trip to see the Bard performed under the stars on Oregon Shakespeare Festivals outdoor stage, most of them coming from more than 150 miles away. Then, the town of Ashland was little more than a gas stop buffeted by a couple of restaurantsand modest ones at that. Outside under a gibbous moon in Ashland, seeing Shakespeare was a matter of sweating (if the 100-plus daytime temperature lingered too long) or shivering (when the cold night wind whistled down the mountains and cut through your skin like a lance). City Shakespeare it was not. Nineteen-seventy was also the year the 600-seat Angus Bowmer theatre was christened, paving the way for an entirely new era of theatre in Ashland. Indoors, air-conditioned, versatile and modern, the Angus Bowmer opened with a production of Tom Stoppards Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, thus whetting the OSF audiences appetite for new and more challenging non-Shakespearean work. OSF has been growing like a well-tended weed ever since. More than 400,000 people attended the festival last year, bringing close to $68 million in revenue to the tiny town of Ashland. The much-anticipated $7.6-million Allen Pavilion of the outdoor Elizabethan stage was also unveiled last summer, and new artistic director Henry Woronicz took the creative reins from the companys long-time overseer Jerry Turner, who held the position for 21 years. To be sure, the Oregon Shakespeare Festival is poised at the end of one era and the beginning of another, as it was in 1970, and has been many other times in its venerable history. Business is booming, and the popularity of the festival is at an all-time high. But success has come at a price. The economic growth that was so vital and welcome during the 1980s has arguably reached a point of diminishing returns. Because their fates are so symbiotically linked, both OSF and the city of Ashland are discovering that too much of a good thing can be a strain. As OSF has grown, so has the city of Ashland. Once upon a time the venerable Mark Antony Hotel was virtually the only place in Ashland where you could get a room and a meal. Ashland has since swelled to the point where it now has more than 100 restaurants and, according to the most boastful of Chamber of Commerce brochures, the highest number of bed and breakfasts per capita in the nation. So many upscale clothing stores, restaurants, wine shops, boutiques and espresso bars have opened in the last five years that locals euphemistically refer to the phenomenon as the Carmelization of Ashland. Indeed, while many of the 14,000 people who live in Ashland year-round still drive overhauled Volkswagen Beetles, one now finds a conspicuous overrepresentation of Lexuss, Jaguars, BMWs and Mercedes Benzs parked along the main drag during the summer. Predictably enough, real estate in Ashland has also skyrocketed. Land in and around Ashland is now the most expensive in Oregon. Though the relationship between the city and the festival is reportedly very amicable, longtime residents still occasionally wake up bewildered that the festival and its hundreds of thousands of patrons have virtually taken over their town. A sign posted by Citizens for a Poodle-free Ashland in one of Ashlands more renegade countercultural hangouts hints at the tongue-in-cheek tolerance of the locals for the yuppification of their city, but the perception of who actually owns Ashland depends entirely on who you ask. PATRONS OF THE OREGON SHAKESPEARE FESTIVAL tend to think fondly of Ashland as their town, but most of them visit only for four or five days per year, so the feeling isnt necessarily mutual. To the Deadheads and politically correct hippie wannabes who play frisbee in the park and busque for quarters on the streetcorner, the festival itself is viewed as a kind of cultural Disneyland where upper-middle class white people come to have their sense of Western cultural superiority reaffirmed. To the people who descend on Ashland for the ski season after the festival closes on Nov. 1, Ashland is a ski town, period. Festival crowds are something they are happy to avoid. Students of Southern Oregon State College, located a mile outside of Ashland, can hardly wait for festivalgoers to leave so that they can reclaim what they see as their turf. To be sure, Halloween partygoers during the late 1980s bid the festival such an enthusiastic farewell that the police had to intervene. And to the businesspeople who live and work in Ashland, of course, those same festivalgoers are the backbone of their existence, earning them an average of $53,000 per year of the $68 million per anum the audiences unload on the local economy. Indeed, one of the great and mysterious charms of Ashland is how it can possibly be so many things to so many different people. Visitors tend to see in Ashland exactly what they want to see, and the contradictions are staggering. Like so many small American towns that have been discovered by urban professionals looking for a bucolic getaway, the great challenge of the future is whether Ashland can continue to grow and embrace the contradictory forces that sustain it without destroying the very character that makes it such a wonderful place to visit. .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .postImageUrl , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:hover , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:visited , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:active { border:0!important; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:active , .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1 .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubed583199675af4ae9cd9b7d247f26e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: First Act of 'The Crucible' EssayTHE FESTIVAL IS CAUGHT SMACK DAB IN THE MIDDLE of that challenge, and the theatres administration is all too aware of the pitfalls. The new Allen Pavilion was built as much to keep increasing traffic and party noise out as to keep the actors voices in, and the street adjacent to the pavilion is still blocked off during showtime to keep the noise level down. For many years, OSF enticed people to become dues-paying members of the festival by offering preferential treatment on ticket reservations. Now it is impossible for OSF to promise good seats to everybody exactly when they want them because membership has become so popular. Tickets for sh ows in the tiny 140-seat Black Swan theatre are particularly difficult to reserve, with a limit of two per customer, creating what OSF management calls the Black Swan problem, their biggest public relations bugaboo to date. Though staff people say there is still room for the festival to market its shoulder seasons in spring and fall, the festival already plays to 95 percent of capacity and is rapidly reaching the audience saturation point. Those who have been around the festival for a while say that growth has always been a mixed blessing in the festivals 57-year history. And now that the Allen Pavilion has been built and the companys new Portland branch is in full swingPortland Center Stage was launched in 1988 with a five-play October-to-March season and a separate administrative and production staffexecutive director William W. Patton is inclined to think that enough is enough. In fact, he says, Nobody wants to grow any larger than we are now. Our primary concern at the moment is to deepen the artistic integrity of the work. Patton was the festivals first paid employee back in 1953, when fewer than 16,000 people per year made the pilgrimage to Ashland. For him, change has been a constant, and the new multimillion dollar Allen Pavilion is a perfect metaphor for the direction in which he wants the festival to move. The pavilion was built largely to solve problems that had grown along with the city of Ashland itself. Noise from traffic and the park behind the former Elizabethan Theatre had gotten so bad that people sitting in the back third of the theatre could only decipher about half of the words. Actors were forced to shout their lines in order to be heard, straining their voices even in the most intimate scenes, to the point where people up front began complaining that the productions were looking more and more ridiculous. Actors were becoming reluctant to accept parts on the outdoor stage, and many people were beginning to feel that the viability of outdoor Shakespeare in Ashland was being threatened. The idea was to create a sound barrier to the encroaching world outside while simultaneously improving the acoustics and intimacy inside. The futuristic stadiumlike structure wraps around the seating area, and the back third of the seats have been raised into a secondtier balcony, creating an acoustic shell that reflects sound back into the theatre. An entirely new lighting system housed in the perimeter of the shell has quintupled the technical capabilities of the theatre, the stage itself was extended by three-and-a-half feet, and two new vomitorium entrances have doubled the number of entrances and exitsall of which have turned the formerly beleaguered space into a directors playground. Its like a microwave oven, actor Mark Booher tells people on his backstage tours. Now that we have it, we cant remember how we got along without it. In keeping with the festivals current growth-control thinking, no new seats were added when the pavilion was constructed, though it would have been a perfect opportunity to do so. We built this to improve the quality of our productions, not the quantity, reminds Patton, and the pavilion has done just what he and other advocates of the project promised it would. In fact, the acoustics are so good inside the Allen Pavilion that not only can the actors be heard, but so can every cough, sniffle, rustle, slurp, sneeze, whisper and crackle of a cellophane candy wrapper. In the past, nobody cared if people talked to their neighbors or popped cans of soda in the middle of a scene, but veteran Ashland theatregoers now find themselves having to be on their best behavior in these sensitive new surroundings. The problem was so noticeable last year that management is considering banning soft drinks and food in the future to minimize distractions. Except for a few people reluctant to give up their view of mountains silhouetted by stars, reactions to the pavilion during its first year were mostly positive, especially from people who remember how bad the noise problems were getting. Mention the new pavilion in the OSF members lounge and faces beam with enthusiasm. Its wonderful, says Audrey Bernstein, a member from San Diego who has been coming to Ashland for more than 12 years. When you walk in, it just feels more like I imagine things must have felt in Shakespeares day. Its very exciting. The wind doesnt come down the mountain and smack you in the cheek like it used to, either, adds Carol Tomas, another longtime OSF member. But the flipside to added wind protection is that the pavilion traps more heat on sweltering midsummer days, taking longer to cool down at night. THE OVERWHELMINGLY POSITIVE RESPONSE TO THE Allen Pavilion is also good news to fledgling artistic director Henry Woronicz, not only because he was the one who advised the board of directors six years ago to build the structure, but because now that most of the problems associated with the outdoor stage have been solved, Woronicz can turn his attention to other more pressing issues facing him as artistic directornamely the fresh artistic vision he wants to implement. .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .postImageUrl , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:hover , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:visited , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:active { border:0!important; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:active , .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5eabfd87a20bd3945ffd6bc8b20958cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henry V Play Review EssayHiring Woronicz to pick up where Jerry Turner left off is considered by many OSF observers to be an extremely conservative move, if only because Woronicz has spent most of his adult life performing Shakespeare. Woronicz has been a beloved member of the acting company in Ashland for years, but some worry that, if he doesnt know anything else, he cant do much more than maintain the status quo. Woronicz himself gets a mischievous twinkle in his eye when the charge of conservativism comes up, because he knows why people say it and isnt very comfortable with the reasons. Woronicz agrees that relatively traditional productions will continue to be staged outdoors under his reign, though he will try to entice more diverse and prestigious directors to Ashland (a record four women directed plays in Ashland last year, and more than 10 percent of the acting company were people of color, a distinct change in the companys cultural diversity over past years). But where Woroniczs artistic touch will be felt most is in the Angus Bowmer and tiny Black Swan theatres. Speculation runs rampant about what exactly Woroniczs vision might look like, but at least a few clues about where he intends to guide OSF can be gleaned from last years program of plays, which he co-produced with Turner, particularly La Bete, the first non-Shakespearean play he chose to direct in his new role as artistic director. La Bete bombed on Broadway in 1991, but Woronicz was attracted to the language of the playwit-laced rhyming couplets mimicking Moliereand thought it would perfectly complement the festivals Shakespeare. He also thought that 32-year-old playwright David Hirson deserved a second chance, and liked the fact that the play took not-so-subtle satirical jabs at the staid arts-patron establishment, including the National Endowment for the Arts and OSFs own loyal but conservative supporters. I was looking for something that would jump out at peoplesomething with a little more bite to it, says Woronicz. On opening night, with Ray Porter playing the lead role of Valere, a bombastic pseudo-genius hired to add some zest to a lackluster 17th-century acting troupe, La Bete received one standing ovation at the end of Valeres monumentally self-absorbed 22-minute opening soliloquy in the middle of the first act, and another at the final curtain. Critics didnt embrace the play as warmly, but critics dont go unscathed in La Bete either. THOUGH DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PLAYS WILL NEVER be a main focus of the festival, Woronicz intends to keep challenging OSF audiences with increasingly adventurous work by up-and-coming playwrights. During the Turner era, OSF audiences were often treated to Turners own translations of his favorite playwrights, Ibsen and Strindberg. Eager to put his own stamp on OSF, Woronicz rattles off names such as Caryl Churchill, Steve Tesich, Steven Dietz and John Guare as examples of the kind of work he wants to produce. Woronicz is all too aware of OSFs lingering national reputation as a place that does safe plays for vacationing, relatively unsophisticated, middle-class audiences, and has made it his personal mission to see that theatre in Ashland gets the respect he thinks it deserves. Its easy for us to get lulled into complacency here, says Woronicz. People will come to whatever we put up, and thats both a blessing and a curse. As artists, we want to take this opportunity to breathe some life into some areas of the operation that may have gotten stale. For a theatre thats arguably the largest regional theatre in the country, with a $12-million budget, a company of 65 actors, four theatres in two cities producing 16 plays a year, we should be able to find some room to support new writers. Keeping his word, Woronicz has made sure that in addition to a full slate of Shakespeare next year, OSF audiences will also have the opportunity to see Caryl Churchills latest play, Mad Forest, written in response to the fall of Romanias Ceausescu regime, as well as Light in the Village by John Clifford, The Baltimore Waltz by Paula Vogel, Tony Kushners adaptation of Corneilles The Illusion, Georges Feydeaus A Flea In Her Ear, and in Portland Lips Together, Teeth Apart by Terrence McNally, and Spunk by George C. Wolfe. The largely white artistic staff will also take a multicultural microstep forward this year when Clinton Turner-Davis, only the second African-American can ever to direct an OSF production, directs August Wilsons Joe Turners Come and Gone. Privately, under his breath, Woronicz also whispers about the possibility of finding a small fourth theatre somewhere in Ashland where his more esoteric side can be indulged. For now, however, his pet solution to the Black Swan problem is to use it as a venue for more experimental, artistically adventurous work, since it will be packed to the gills no matter what goes up, making the popularity factor almost irrelevant. Somewhere between managing, directing, holding hands and sleeping, Woronicz also wants to get back onto Ashlands outdoor stage and have a go at Hamlet once more before he turns 40. Like the festival and the city of Ashland itself, Woronicz is in the midst of a middle-age transition. He has gotten where he is by stretching himself to the limit, as have OSF and Ashland. Ten years from now, neither the festival or Ashland will be same as they are today. Continuous growth has been relatively kind to them in the past, and one can only hope that future change will be managed intelligently to preserve the magic and character of both. As almost half a million people a year can attest, Shakespeare and sage-brush have never gone so well together. With any luck, the Bard will be able to kick his boots off and hang out in the hills of southern Oregon for a long time to come.

Free Essays on Internet Security

, images, sounds, and video. The Internet is continuing to grow at 40% a year, with about 20 million users, mainly in USA, Canada, and Australia, but still many all over the world. You can do many things on the Internet, such as shop for just about anything, bank and manage money, watch and listen to live cable televison and radio broadcasts, talk to other users with voice like a telephone, conduct international meetings, and access all kinds of information on any subject imaginable. As mentioned earlier, the WWW consists of pages and pages of text, images, sounds, and video. Unlike pages in a book, there is no maximum size for a page, and there is HyperText Links. If you click on any one of these links, the computer will automatically go to the page specified by the link. The WWW is programmed in a computer language called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTML. Searching the Web can be a difficult thing to do, or if you use a search engine, it can be really easy. Since so many new web pages are added to the Web a day, a very good index is hard to keep, and an alphabetical listing of millions of web pages would be almost impossible to navigate through. To help this problem, people developed search engines that search the Web for you. Some search engines, like Yahoo, search in a big web directory they have made of hundreds of thousands of web ... Free Essays on Internet Security Free Essays on Internet Security He doesn't wear a stocking mask over his face, and he doesn't break a window to get into your house. He doesn't hold a gun to your head, nor does he ransack your personal possessions. Just the same he's a thief. Although this thief is one you'll not only never see,but you may not even realize right away that he's robbed you. The thief is a computer hacker and he "enters" your home via your computer, accessing personal information such as credit card numbers which he could then use without your knowledge at least until you get that next credit card statement. RichardBernes, supervisor of the FBI's Hi-Tech squad in San Jose, California, calls the Internet "the unlocked window in cyberspace through which thieves crawl" (Erickson 1). There seems to be an unlimited potential for theft of credit card numbers, bank statements and other financial and personal information transmitted over the Internet. It's hard to imagine that anyone in today's technologically oriented world could function without computers. Personal computers are linked to business computers and financial networks, and all are linked together via the Internet or other networks. More than a hundred million electronic messages travel through cyberspace every day, and every piece of information stored in a computer is vulnerable to attack (Icove-Seger-VonStorch 1). Yesterday's bank robbers have become today's computer hackers. They can walk away from a computer crime with millions of virtual dollars (in the form of information they can use or sell for an enormous profit). Walking away is precisely what they do. The National Computer Crimes Squad estimates that 85-97 % of the time, theft of information from computers is not even detected (Icove-Seger-VonStorch 1). Home computer users are vulnerable, not only for credit card information and login IDs, but also their files, disks, and other computer equipment and dat a, which are subject to attack. Even if this information i... Free Essays on Internet Security The Internet, or ?net, is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world's businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet is composed of many parts, including the World Wide Web, FTP, IRC, Newsgroups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and of course Electronic Mail (Email). The Internet is mainly used for communication. Email is the most heavily used resource of the Internet- over 40 million email messages are sent through the Internet a day. The second most used resource, called the World Wide Web, or WWW, consists of pages of words, images, sounds, and video. The Internet is continuing to grow at 40% a year, with about 20 million users, mainly in USA, Canada, and Australia, but still many all over the world. You can do many things on the Internet, such as shop for just about anything, bank and manage money, watch and listen to live cable televison and radio broadcasts, talk to other users with voice like a telephone, conduct international meetings, and access all kinds of information on any subject imaginable. As mentioned earlier, the WWW consists of pages and pages of text, images, sounds, and video. Unlike pages in a book, there is no maximum size for a page, and there is HyperText Links. If you click on any one of these links, the computer will automatically go to the page specified by the link. The WWW is programmed in a computer language called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTML. Searching the Web can be a difficult thing to do, or if you use a search engine, it can be really easy. Since so many new web pages are added to the Web a day, a very good index is hard to keep, and an alphabetical listing of millions of web pages would be almost impossible to navigate through. To help this problem, people developed search engines that search the Web for you. Some search engines, like Yahoo, search in a big web directory they have made of hundreds of thousands of web ... Free Essays on Internet Security Internet security in one of the hottest topics in the e-commerce industry today. Industry experts predict security issues on the Internet are the primary reasons many companies and consumers are hesitant to do business online. The Internet is a large-scale network of systems that is highly unbounded. This means it has no system of administrative control and no security policies. If there are security policies or laws they constantly need to be altered because of the changing technology. You are always up for an attack or an intrusion of your own privacy. Survivability is the key. Just the simple task of checking email, browsing, chatrooms, or even shopping can be harmful. You can be safe in this environment but you must always be on the alert for problems. Three kinds of Internet security issues that are the topic of conversation; Unauthorized access, back doors and loopholes and, the potential threat of confidential information sent over the internet can be viewed (Scott, 1998). There are several ways you can become a victim of these issues. Email, browsing, shopping or banking and chat rooms are a potential threat for your security. Email can be a type of security issue. America Online, Inc. was forced to admit that hackers had accessed member accounts recently through an email virus. Sending and receiving email from unknown people can cause a hazard. You can make common mistakes by revealing your identity from digital signatures and sending personal pictures of yourself. Although, it is highly unlikely for someone to capture your mail while it is in route to its destination, you should always think about whom you are sending this mail to. Encrypting also is a valuable key is you are mailing confidential information. Mostly email comes from a person or a group listed in the email. Sometimes people deliberately provide the wrong information in the listing. A security conscious user last year noticed five new email me...

PROPOSAL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PROPOSAL - Assignment Example The chief question of the peer reviewer was about the measures that can help solving the problem of gender gap in education In response to the peer reviewer concerns, questions and assessment it has been understood that there is essential need of thinking about the solution of the problem rather emphasizing much upon the problem itself. Hence, there are some major changed made in the proposal and considerable portion of material has been added that speak about the strategies and suggestions that can help in reducing the gender gap in education. After making these changes, it is requested from the instructor to have look at the proposal and inform about its contents. 2. Organizing your argument into appropriate sections This assignment follows a report format for formal proposals. You must organize the content of your proposal into four major sections. Each section has a specific task or purpose. (See the assignment outline under the "Drafting your Proposal" heading above.) Using sect ions creates a reader-friendly report that allows readers to access the points of your argument quickly and easily. As you revise, you may need to rearrange some of the content of your proposal. Highlight your rearrangements and revisions so your instructor will see what you've done. Finally, if you are still unsure of what content belongs in which section, ask your instructor questions about the required organization. The proposal has been organized in these sections. Introductions, Problem definition, proposed solution, reasoning, conclusion 3. Completing your research and filling in the gaps By the end of this week, you must have completed all of your research. As you revise your draft, incorporate ALL the primary fieldwork and any secondary research that you plan to use to support your arguments in this proposal. Highlight your additions/revisions so your instructor will see what you've done. There are some adjustments made in the proposal as per the comments of the instructor. The new changes have been highlighted 4. Evaluating your evidence, supporting quotes/paraphrases. Supporting evidence can't speak for itself. Ask yourself: How well-connected is each piece of evidence in your draft—each example, observation, fact, or quote from an interviewee or survey—to your overall claim? You need to add explanation or commentary with each piece of evidence so that readers can see how and why your supporting evidence is significant. Don't leave readers guessing or assume those points of connection are obvious. In each body paragraph of your draft make specific revisions/additions to add explanation for how each piece of evidence you offer is significant to your overall proposal argument. Highlight your additions/revisions so your instructor will see what you've done. The evidenced are supported by the proper references and in-text citations 5. Acknowledging available alternatives and counterarguments In your first draft, you might not have worked ou t how you would address these issues. How much or how little you will need to address alternatives or counterarguments depends on the nature of your proposal topic and on how well received (or not) your solution will be by your intended audience. If you believe that you need to respond to alternatives or counterarguments, the place to do so is in Section 3 of your proposal. Now is the time to consider adding this discussion to your draft of Section 3. Highlight your

Property and its Economic Explanation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Property and its Economic Explanation - Essay Example In the exercise of property rights, potential conflicts can be prevented as in striking a bargain (Muthoo 2000). Indeed, the common law is efficient, but the law generated by the institutions of private property can also be efficient, however with limitations (Friedman 1996). Creating a system of clear, workable property rights facilitates voluntary exchange and ensures that property rights will end up in the hands of those who value them most (Ayres and Talley 1995) Property is a "bundle of rights." The owner is free to exercise the rights over his or her property. Others, meaning private persons and the government, are forbidden to interfere with the owner's exercise of his or her rights. Traditionally, that bundle of rights includes: 1) control use of the property, 2) benefit from the property, for example rights and rent, 3) transfer or sell the property, and 4) exclude others from the property (Krauss 1999). The two major justifications of original property, or homesteading, are said to be effort and scarcity. John Locke emphasized effort, or "mixing your labour" with an object, while Benjamin Tucker preferred to look at the purpose of property in answer to solving the scarcity problem. Only when something is relatively scarce do they become property, he said. Economically scarce means necessarily having exclusivity property or that use by one person excludes others from using it (Ibid). III. Bargaining Theory Bargaining theory in property has to do with bargaining principles and their application to a significantly large variety of real-life situations, leading to efficiency and equitable distribution of gains (Muthoo 1999). In the former, the players may fail to reach an agreement, or they may do so but only after some costly delay. In the latter, gains from cooperation are divided between the players. A player's cost from bargaining is said to be derived from the time-consuming nature of bargaining and the importance of time to the player (Ibid). Some of the fundamental principles expounded in bargaining theory are the following (Muthoo 2000): Patience during the process of negotiations confers bargaining power, while risk aversion affects it adversely. Meanwhile, a player's outside option enhances her bargaining power if and only if it is attractive and therefore credible. Hence, bargaining power is higher the larger her inside option, provided that all negotiators' outside options are not attractive enough. If both negotiators' outside options are sufficiently attractive, then it is likely that gains from cooperation may not exist (Ibid). Further, when both the costs of negotiators' backing down from their initial demands are sufficiently large, then the negotiations may lead into a stalemate. A player's bargaining power is higher the larger her cost of backing down from her initial demand. In the absence of knowledge of relevant information on the ongoing negotiations which the other party does, there is risk of failure of negotiations or of costly delay until that uninformed party is communicated of the relevant information. Knowledge is veritable power in negotiations and enhances the bargaining strength of the better informed (Muthoo 1999). In bargaining, procedure and format of negotiations matter,

A Case Commentary: Chan Yoke Sim v Choong Teck Fook Ors

A Case Commentary: Chan Yoke Sim v Choong Teck Fook Ors The plaintiff a kindergarden teacher at Tadika Emmanuel (TE) seeks damages over several tort of defamation by several Emmanuel Baptist Church committee members. The plaintiff alleged the committee members have published defamatory statements which leads the other members of the church to believe she was a corrupt,untrustworthy and dishonest person and have repeatedly committing several accounts of frauds and criminal breach of trust during her service in TE. The 1st defamatory statement was that she had allegedly receive twice the payment from the TE board during the same month implying she was a dishonest person. Misusing fund from TE to buy bankdraft for her son that is studying in Australia therefore implying she has committed a criminal breach of trust. Alleged to have repeatedly committing fraud on the accounts of TE and is a corrupt,untrustworthy and a person without morale and principle. Alleged to have abused her position during her service in TE to gain profit for her own pe rsonal gains. The plaintiff have demanded TE board to take appropriate actions to clear her name and demanded an apology statement to be publish to the rest of the members but was ignored by TE board. Firstly to prove whether the statements were defamatory and is made with malice, lets look on the statement that the plaintiff cash in both checks issued to her by the TE board chairman. A replacement cheque is issued by the bank to replace the cheque the plaintiff had loss. This proves that the plaintiff had not cash in both cheques like claimed. The fact that the cheque was reimbursed by the TE board chairman was never questioned and yet allegation against the plaintiff was made ,even after the plaintiff had requested the TE board to carry out investigations to clear her name and demanded an apology no actions were taken by the board and the chairman of the TE board never came out and clarify the matters. I would quote one of the defamatory statement published by the TE board The plaintiff alleged these passages to be defamatory to her in the 2009 Minutes: iii. Purported usage of TE fees collection for the purchase of personal bank draft (Refer to item 6. 3 of the Fact Finding Report and Appendix F). Bro. BC said TE previous Treasurer, sis. Ang Hwee Loo (AHL)s allegation was a very strong and sensitive one as the teacher she referred to was bro. CYHs sister. The Fact Finding Team could not conclude that the purported bank draft was in fact related to the discrepancy being written off in Point 7 of Appendix C, or the purchase of personal bank draft actually happened. v. Salary for Sep-06 was alleged to have been paid twice to a teacher (Refer to 6. 5 of the Fact Finding Report and Appendix G H). Bro. BC in referring to item 3. 1 of the Audit Report (Appendix I) said the audit observation has given the impression of the salary cheques being issued twice to a teacher when actually the alleged replacement cheque was issued to bro. RL as a reimbursement for a different amount. Bro. BC said there were two aspects to this finding. firstly, sis. AHL admitted to the Fact Finding Team that she had omitted to cancel the first salary cheque that was reported lost. secondly, although the second reimbursement cheque to bro. RL included an amount of the teachers salary for Sep-06, there was no voucher to evidence the second salary payment purportedly to have been made in cash. Therefore, the Fact Finding Team could not confirm that the teacher in question has received the Sep-06 salary twice. Sis. LKK commented that when she joined the TE Board, she remembered being told that the TE accounts were very messy. Sis. LL also recalled that sis. AHL wanted collections to be banked in immediately and teachers were later not allowed to hold any money. Since sis. AHLs allegation of a teacher having used TE money to purchase personal bank draft was never tabled and discussed in the past TE Board meetings, the present TE Board accepted the recommendation of the Fact Finding Team and unanimously agreed that the unsubstantiated allegation be dismissed. (the alleged fourth defamatory statements) Is the statements by the TE board defamatory or not?I would quote the decision delivered by Gopal Sri Ram JCA (as he then was) in the Court of Appeal case ofChok Foo Choo @ Chok Kee Lian v The China Press Bhd[1999] 1 MLJ 371at pp 374 and 375 where it was held that: In my judgment, the test which is to be applied lies in the question: do the words published in their natural and ordinary meaning impute to the plaintiff any dishonourable or discreditable conduct or motives or a lack of integrity on his part? If the question invites an affirmative response, then the words complained of are defamatory. (SeeJB Jeyaretnam v Goh Chok Tong[1985] 1 MLJ 334. ) Richard 2 MLJ 117 at 128 Malanjum J, in an admirable judgment inTun Datuk Patinggi Haji Abdul-Rahman Yakub v Bre Sdn Bhd Ors [1996] 1 MLJ 393, collected and reviewed the relevant authorities upon this branch of the subject and I would, with respect, expressly approve the approach adopted by him. To further support the statements were defamatory i quoted the decision by Low Hop Bing J (as he then was) in the case ofAbu Samah bin Omar v Zainal bin Montel[2004] 5 MLJ 377at p 382 where it was held that: Whether the words are defamatory? In respect of this issue, it has been said that there is no precise test applied to determine whether or not any given words are defamatory or are capable of a defamatory imputation. Several general formulations have been accepted and may be stated as follows: (a) any imputation which may tend to lower the plaintiff in the estimation of right thinking members of society generally (seeSB Palmer v AS Rajah Ors[1949] MLJ 6); to cut him off from society or to expose him to hatred, contempt or ridicule (seeAbdul Rahman Talib v Seenivasagam Anor[1965] 1 MLJ 142); (b) a defamatory statement is one to a mans discredit, or which tends to lower him in the estimation of others, or to injure his reputation in his office, trade or profession, or to injure his financial credit or if the words cause him to be shunned or avoided:Yussoupoff v Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures Ltd[1934] 50 TLR 58; per Mohamed Azmi J (later FCJ) inSyed Husin Ali v Sharikat Penchetakan Utusan Melayu Bhd Anor[1973] 2 MLJ 56at p 58,Gatley on Libel and Slander(6th Ed) p 4, as followed by Ramly Ali J inKian Lup Construction, pp 41–42. It is also crucial to determine wether the statement is being defamatory or not, the words must be read in its context in which they were used, (seeLim Guan Eng v Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd[2012] 2 MLJ 394at pp 403–404 (HC)) The plaintiff therefore had no other options but to bring the case to the court to clear her name. The attitude and actions of the defendants towards the plaintiff up until the trial was indifferent with their imputations towards the plaintiff. There was no investigation carry out to clear her name and all allegation is based on assumption and therefore it is flawed. The defendants were indifferent to the truth and seems to have falsify all the allegation made towards the plaintiff,this is sufficient to prove there was malicious intention towards the plaintiff. The next course is to prove wether the alleged defamatory statements and records were being publish to third party. The documents which allegedly contain information about the plaintiff wrong doing was supose to be classify information as stated and will only be distribute during different occasions of meetings of the board or if the documents were requested by the members of the board yet unfortunately the person that have the responsibility to keep the documents confidential had made the documents known to the members of the TE board and the regular members of the church that has nothing to do with their administration. Even though the distribution of the records doesnt fall into the category of general public and even if the plaintif doesnt conduct a business for a living but the family of the plaintiff were devout members of the church and this action has severely made the other members of the church label her and probably her family as frauds and untrustworthy severely damaging her worth as a person and affecting the plaintiff family as well. This was proven that the defamatory statement were valid as the regular members of the church falls into the category as 3rd party. According to Defamation act the TE board committees had violate section 5 of slandering the plaintiff of her reputation as a teacher thus will bring problems to her employment in the future. They are also guilty of violating section 6 slandering of title since TE board has alleged published several defamatory statements that imply the plaintiff was a dishonest person and a fraud and has been proven the statements were made with malice. The TE board couldnt claim to be alleged to the defenses of unintentional defamation in section 7 since the plaintiff have requested a lot of times for investigations to be carry out to clear her name and unfortunately was ignored. This alone prove that this is far from being unintentional. The TE board couldnt claim section 8 Justification as defenses as well since there was never any official investigation being carry out to verify the allegations made towards the plaintiff therefore all allegations were without prove and was just slanderous. The TE board couldnt claim section 10 Migitation damages as well since there was no action taken even after the plaintiff have ask for clarification and apology from the TE board and their attitude has remain indifferent up until the trial. This shows that the TE board isnt sincere in their apology and has no intention of doing so until it is proven they had indeed committed defamation against the plaintiff. Based on the analysis above, It is unfair that the plaintiff receive such treatment when the defendants could care less about proving the authenticity of the alleged claim that the plaintiff have committed the alleged dishonest act. the plaintiff is egligible to receive payments for the damages that the defendants were responsible for the defamation.

Discuss About Failure Essay

Q: ‘The word failure should never be used in education.’ Discuss. â€Å"Failure is not the end of the journey.† was an impactful phrase that Steve Jobs once said in his most eulogised moment of wit. I would dare to say that ‘failure’ is not a foreign word to anyone in the world and to the large majority, it is never viewed as a pleasant word to hear. In dictionaries, the word failure is often defined as the lack of skill or knowledge to succeed in accomplishing a task, yet ironically, the word failure is very often used in schools, where students attend to acquire skills and knowledge. Therefore, I strongly feel that the word ‘failure’ should not be used in today’s education system most of the time. Firstly, one reason why I feel that the word ‘failure’ should not be largely used in education is simply because of its demoralising effect. With the advancements in science and technology, education systems around the world have increased its difficulty by leaps and bounds. Hence, examination papers have changed and the syllabus only gets tougher. Students therefore are constantly bombarded with difficult and mind-boggling questions and tests, thus it is only natural that there are bound to be failures within a class. However, for the students that had studied very hard for the test, failing would only crush their confidence and pride. A research carried out by a group of students in Tokyo University had found out that 2 out of 7 students in Japanese High Schools are demoralised after failing their first few semestral assessments and their grades continue to suffer all year round as they had already lost the will to persevere and strive for excellence. This study supports my view that ‘failure’ demoralises people as it extinguishes the fiery will within students and their drive to excel. More often than not, being called a failure in schools may develop in students a form of self-fulfilling prophecy as their constant failures may have convinced them that they may indeed be useless and will never succeed in the future. Hence, I strongly feel that the word failure is too harsh a term to judge students based on their academic and holistic achievements alone as this will in fact demoralise them. Another reason why I feel that the word ‘failure’ should only be used to a bare minimum is because it creates more demanding parents. All parents have high hopes for their child, and I would dare to say that every parent wishes for their child to be able to successfully climb the rungs of the social ladder and stand at its peak. However to do that, excellent academic and holistic grades must be attained. A survey conducted by a group of students studying psychology in the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2011 observed that 75% of Singaporean families display prejudice against failure and envisage their own child enrolling into the top medical courses of the local universities in Singapore. This study displays the stress that students in Singapore face as now not only do they have to excel in their studies to achieve a decent grade, but they are also expected to live up to their parent’s extremely high expectations. Such a scenario is ubiquitous in almost every Asian country and community, take the Asian families in Japan and the Asian communities in the United States for example, many Asian children fear showing their report cards to their parents if they had failed any subject as they fear the tongue-lashing that they receive upon showing their grades. Moreover, Asian families have been stereotyped to be very demanding as they demand that their child score straight ‘A’s for his or her examinations. This scenario is evident from the book ‘Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother’ by Amy Chua which describes the typical strict Chinese upbringing where even an A- grade is not acceptable much less a ‘failure’ grade. To fail is to bring shame and dishonour to the family. Thus, I believe that the root of all these expectations branch from the very use of the word ‘failure’ as it somehow segregates the students based on their abilities into two groups – the successful and the failures, and parents would therefore want to push their child even harder to be able to enter the ranks of the successful and falling into the pits of failure is not favoured by most parents. Hence, I feel that the word ‘failure’ should not be used most of the time so that children would not need to fear failing and the ridiculously high expectations of parents can be somewhat mellowed. Lastly, as clichà © as it may sounds, the word ‘failure’ promotes a segregated community in schools. Very often, it is a common sight to see the students that excel in their studies form their own small cluster while the ostracised students that have consistently failed their examinations would form their own cliques. Such scenarios are especially evident in schools in the Western countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Very often, students that fail their tests continuously would rather invest their time in beautifying their aesthetic appearances or in honing their skills in  their extra-curricular activities. While the students that score terrific grades, on the other hand, are labelled ‘muggers’ and ‘nerds’, hence this gave rise to the much stereotyped ‘popular’ and ‘unpopular’ kids in many American schools. This, thus, unconsciously created a segregated community in schools and as a result of this segregation bullying is rampant in schools as the more popular but academically weaker students would threaten the smarter ‘nerds’ to accomplish their work for them. This is supported by a documentary carried out by Discovery Channel, titled Bully, on the reasons behind bullying, which found out that one of the main reason why children resort to bullying is to achieve the much desired grades they wanted. Thus, ‘failure’ had unknowingly created a hierarchy within many schools and therefore, I strongly feel that the word ‘failure’ should not be used to a large extent. However, critics of my argument may argue that the word ‘failure’ may instil in students the need to improve and work harder, and motivates them to stretch themselves to their fullest potential. However, I believe that this is an extremely idealistic view as, not every student can remain optimistic upon receiving such dreadful grades. Moreover, such a argument also fails to take into consideration the students that had failed multiple times. Failing a couple of times may motivate one to try and work harder but the constant failure that some students experience would crush their determination and willingness to work hard. Hence I believe that if nothing is done to at the point of receiving the failure grade, and teachers allow things to go by its on course, the student may be badly sh aken and demoralised and as a result instead of improving his grades, he may actually worsen and score far worse grades. Thus, this brings me back to my point that ‘failure’ should not be used in our education systems most of our time as every student have differing levels of motivation and not everyone can take ‘failure’ so easily, and instead of improving themselves they end up despondent and unwilling to work hard. Critics of my argument may also claim that the competition that arises due the usage of ‘failure’ is beneficial to the students. However, this argument is flawed and the argument is too naive. This is because they fail to realise that is because of such intense competition that students may resort to cheating and other underhanded measures to attain a passable grade or their desired grades. In a study published in the Los Angeles Times, it was found that students cheat to  attain higher grades to meet with their parents expectations or to enter into a high paying job from the top Ivy League Universities. Moreover, with globalisation, the presence of scholars in schools contribute to the competition that local students face, and this has actually created such a stressful environment as the scholars contribute to the top scores of many major examinations and as a result the bell curve system that determine ones grade would shift to the right and students would require to score higher grades to attain their desired grades. This additional stress from the increase in competition if not managed properly would prove to be detrimental to ones mental fitness, and students that are unable to take such intense competition now, may just crumble under the immense stress that all students have to shoulder. Therefore, I strongly believe that the competition that ‘failure’ brings about brings more disadvantages than benefits and hence, I feel that ‘failure’ should not be used in our education most of the time. Therefore, in conclusion, does ‘failure’ necessarily bring more harm than good? While ‘failure’ does indeed have its good points, like bringing about differential learning, beneficial competition to those that require it, it brings about much more adverse effects to our community. The word ‘failure’ can badly demoralise students, create more ‘Tiger Mothers’ – a term used to describe more demanding parents, and a segregated community in many schools. Thus, I strongly feel that schools being the place that students attend to further improve themselves and acquire new knowledge, should not use the word ‘failure’ most of the time as it simply does not bring about much benefits. Therefore, I would like to reiterate that I strongly feel that the word ‘failure’ should not be used in today’s education system most of the time.